Index

Table of Contents

Primary Bone Tumors

Osteogenic

Osteoid Osteoma

• Case 18: 23-years old with right arm pain - humeral diaphyseal osteoid osteoma

• Case 50: 15-years old with left hip pain - intracapsular femoral neck osteoid osteoma

Osteoblastoma

• Case 19: 60-years old man with a talar lesion - osteoblastoma

Osteosarcoma

• Case 3: 18-years old with knee pain - distal femur osteosarcoma

• Case 27: 22-years old with a hard popliteal fossa swelling - distal femur parosteal osteosarcoma

• Case 49: 5-year old with a distal femur lesion - telangiectatic osteosarcoma

Chondrogenic

Enchondroma

• Case 26: 30-years with a non-painful swelling along the dorsal of the hand - enchondroma

• Case 32: 34-years old with an asymptomatic proximal humeral lesion - enchondroma

Chondroblastoma

• Case 6: 22-years old with shoulder pain - proximal humerus chondroblastoma

Chondromyxoid Fibroma

• Case 29: 16-years old with proximal tibial pain - chondromyxoid fibroma

Osteochondroma

• Case 36: 14-years old with an asymptomatic proximal humeral swelling - osteochondroma

Chondrosarcoma

• Case 15: 37-years old with shoulder pain - high grade chondrosarcoma

• Case 39: 52-years old with a femur lesion - high grade chondrosarcoma presenting as a “whoops” lesion

Fibrogenic

Vascular

Hemangioma

• Case 5: 22-years old with paraparesis - hemangioma of the vertebral body

Osteoclastic Giant-Cell Rich

Giant Cell Tumor

• Case 12: 31-years old with knee pain - distal femur giant cell tumor

• Case 44: 36-years old with knee pain - proximal tibia giant cell tumor

Aneurysmal Bone Cyst

• Case 24: 18-years old with distal humerus pain - aneurysmal bone cyst

Non-Ossifying Fibroma

• Case 34: 16-years old with an incidental distal tibial lesion - non-ossifying fibroma

Notochordal

• Case 33: 30-years old sacral tumor - chordoma

• Case 41: 51-years old sacral lesions - benign notochordal tumor (BNCT)

Other Mesenchymal Tumors

Osteofibrous Dysplasia

• Case 9: 3-years old with mild pain and anterior leg swelling - osteofibrous dysplasia tibia

Fibrous Dysplasia

• Case 31: 30-years old with a proximal femoral lesion - fibrous dysplasia

Simple Bone Cyst

• Case 42: 11-years old with left arm pain - simple bone cyst humerus

Lipoma

• Case 47: 24-years old with heel pain - lipoma calcaneum

Hematopoietic Neoplasms

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

• Case 2: 11-years old with a left iliac bone lesion - LCH

Undifferentiated Small Round Cell Sarcomas

• Case 8: 13-years old with left groin pain and swelling - left iliopubic ramus Ewing sarcoma

Tumors of Uncertain Differentiation

• Case 43: 14-years old with a osteomalacia and a proximal tibial lesion - phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor

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Infection / Inflammation

Osteomyelitis

Non-tuberculous

• Case 51: 22-years old with long segment femur involvement - Salmonella osteomyelitis

Tuberculosis

• Case 22: 50-years old with a forefoot swelling - 3rd metatarsal tuberculosis

• Case 38: 51-years old with left hip pain - tuberculosis

Non-Bacterial Osteitis (NBO)

• Case 16: 21-years old with left clavicular pain and two negative biopsies - clavicular non-bacterial osteitis

Miscellaneous/Pseudotumor/Inflammation

• Case 52: 30-years old with dorso-lumbar pain and prevertebral and perivertebral mass-like soft tissue - IgG4 disease

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Secondary Bone Tumors

Metastasis

• Case 1: 64-years old with a left femoral sclerotic metastasis from carcinoma prostate

• Case 37: 76-years old with a right sclerotic hemipelvis due to metastasis from carcinoma breast simulating Paget’s disease

Myeloma / Plasmacytoma

• Case 17: 33-years old with a left iliac bone lesion - plasmacytoma - PET/CT showed multiple lesions - multiple myeloma

Lymphoma

• Case 35: 21-years old - right iliac bone lesion - non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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Soft Tissue Tumors

Adipocytic

Lipoma

• Case 13: 45-years old with painless swelling over the elbow - cubital fossa lipoma

Fibroblastic and Myofibroblastic

Myxofibrosarcoma

• Case 7: 52-years old with a growing swelling along the anterior aspect of the thigh - myxofibrosarcoma

Elastofibroma

• Case 10: 50-years old with an incidentally detected chest wall mass - elastofibroma

Desmoid-type Fibromatosis

• Case 40: 33-years old with a T2 dark mass in the left pelvis - desmoid-type fibromatosis

So-Called Fibrohistiocytic

Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor

• Case 4: 28-years old with knee pain - intra-articular tenosynovial giant cell tumor extending into the popliteal fossa

Vascular

Tumors

Malformations

• Case 46: 61-years old with a periscapular lesion - low flow venous vascular malformation

Pericytic (Perivascular)

• Case 53: 60-years old with a tip of finger subungual lesion - glomus tumor

Smooth Muscle

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST)

Chondro-osseous

Peripheral Nerve Sheath

Schwannoma

• Case 14: 60-years old with tingling numbness in the lower limbs - sacral schwannoma

• Case 23: 39-years old with an incidental posterior mediastinal mass - schwannoma

Tumors of Uncertain Differentiation

• Case 21: 73-years old with a growing thigh mass - synovial sarcoma

• Case 30: 42-years old with a misdiagnosed labial hemangioma - alveolar soft part sarcoma

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Mimics

Stress/Insufficiency Fracture

• Case 28: 86-years old - left hip pain - insufficiency fracture

Heterotopic Bone Ossification / Myositis Ossificans

• Case 25: 33-years old - painful elbow - traumatic myositis ossificans

Traumatic Periostitis

• Case 20: 3-months old with fever and thigh tenderness - traumatic (massage-related) periostitis

Paget

• Case 11: 72-years old with pain along the iliac crest - Paget disease pelvis

Neuroarthropathy - Charcot’s

• Case 45: 53-years old with destroyed left shoulder - neuro-arthropathy due to syringomyelia

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Lectures / Snippets

• Lecture 01: Benign Aggressive Lesions

• Lecture 02A: An Approach to Pediatric Bone Tumors - ISPR - Sep 2023 (a standard approach to understanding how to diagnose pediatric bone tumors)

• Lecture 02B: A Pragmatic Approach to Pediatric Bone Tumors - ISPR - Sep 2023 (a more practical approach that builds on the 1st lecture)

• Lecture 03: Approach to Cartilage Lesions - 11 mins lecture

• Lecture 04: Infection Mimics - 10 mins lecture - Feb 2025